Neutralization reactions
A reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.
(Remember you will need to be able to write the ionic and net ionic equations.)
To begin with we need to be able to list some acids and bases that were are
familiar with...here are a few I think everyone should know...
Important Acids
Name
|
Formula
|
Sulfuric acid
|
H2SO4
|
Sulfurous acid
|
H2SO3
|
Nitric acid
|
HNO3
|
Nitrous acid
|
HNO2
|
Phosphoric acid
|
H3PO4
|
Phosphorus acid
|
H3PO3
|
Carbonic acid
|
H2CO3
|
Perchloric acid
|
HClO4
|
Acetic acid
|
HC2H3O2
|
Formula
|
Name
|
HF(aq)
|
Hydrofluoric acid
|
HCl(aq)
|
Hydrochloric acid
|
HBr(aq)
|
Hydrobromic acid
|
HI(aq)
|
Hydroiodic acid
|
H2S(aq)
|
Hydrosulfuric acid
|
HCN(aq)
|
Hydrocyanic acid
|
Important Bases (All of the Group IA and IIA hydroxides)
Name of Base
|
Formula of Base
|
Sodium hydroxide
|
NaOH
|
Potassium hydroxide
|
KOH
|
Barium hydroxide
|
Ba(OH)2
|
Ammonia
|
NH3
|
Calcium hydroxide
|
Ca(OH)2
|
Aluminum hydroxide
|
Al(OH)3
|
Let's consider a few neutralization reactions and how we write the equations.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) ---> NaCl(aq)
+ H2O(l)
2HNO3(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) ---> Ca(NO3)2(aq)
+ 2H2O(l)
HBr(aq) + NH3(aq) ---> NH4Br(aq)
HC2H3O2(aq) + NH3(aq)
---> NH4C2H3O2(aq)
CO2(g) + NaOH(aq) ---> NaHCO3(aq)
Here are those same reactions as they should be written by an
AP student...(NOTE: phases are not required)
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ---> H2O(l)
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ---> H2O(l)
H+(aq) + NH3(aq) ---> NH4+(aq)
HC2H3O2(aq) + NH3(aq)
---> NH4C2H3O2(aq)
CO2(g) + OH-(aq) ---> HCO3-(aq)