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AP Chemistry by Satellite Lectureguide
Student Edition
The Periodic Table
Chapter 5

Objectives

Following your study of this chapter, you should be able to

  1. briefly describe the contributions of Demitri Mendeleev and H.G.J. Moseley to
    the organization of the periodic table.
  2. identify the representative elements, transition metals, lanthanides and actinides
    in the periodic table. Identify these named groups; alkali metals, alkaline earth
    metals, chalcogens, halogens and noble gases in the periodic table.
  3. identify groups of elements classified as metals, nonmetals and metalloids in the
    periodic table.
  4. describe the characteristic physical properties that distinguish metallic elements
    and nonmetallic elements and be able to recognize those characteristics in some
    representative examples.
  5. identify the tendency of an element in the periodic table to gain or lose electrons.
  6. define oxidation and reduction as they relate to reactions of elements.
  7. identify those elements likely to undergo oxidation or reduction and to recognize
    oxidation-reduction reactions involving elements.
  8. predict the products of reactions of single replacement reactions, such as
    between metals and acids and between metals and solutions of metal ions.
  9. use the activity series to predict products of single replacement reactions.
  10. ascertain from the chemical formula whether a compound is ionic or molecular.
  11. identify any oxide as an acidic or basic anhydride and write sample chemical
    equations for reactions with water and with other oxides.
  12. describe the general physical and chemical properties of the alkali metals.
  13. describe the general physical and chemical properties of the alkaline earth
    metals.
  14. describe the general physical and chemical properties of aluminum.
  15. describe the general physical and chemical properties of hydrogen.
  16. describe the general physical and chemical properties of the chalcogens.
  17. describe the general physical and chemical properties of the halogens
  18. describe the general physical and chemical properties of the noble gases.
  19. distinguish the elements from various parts of the periodic table using their
    individual physical and chemical properties.


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1. Briefly explain the significance of the atomic number of an element and its position
in the periodic table. Since Mendeleev did not know about atomic numbers, how
did he organize his periodic table?


2a. In the blank periodic table below identify the areas of the table that contain the
representative elements, transition metals, lanthanides and actinides.

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b) In the blank periodic table below identify the areas of the table that contain the
alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, chalcogens, halogens and noble gases.

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3. In the blank periodic table below identify the areas of the table that contain the
metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

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4a. Identify some of the physical properties of the following metals..

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4a. continued

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b) List five important properties that distinguish metallic elements from nonmetallic
elements.


c) Explain how the metallic behavior changes going down a group and across a
period.


d) Identify the physical properties of the following nonmetals.

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4d. (Continued)

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e) List five important properties that distinguish nonmetallic elements from metallic
elements.


f) Explain how the nonmetallic behavior changes going down a group and across a
period.


5. Correlate the tendency for an element to gain or lose electrons with its position in
the periodic table.


6. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron transfer among reacting
substances.


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7. Correlate the tendency for an element to be oxidized or reduced with its position in
the periodic table.


8a. Write the general equation describing single replacement reactions.


b) Write the products formed when the following substances are mixed.

IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH519.gif


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9a. Below is table showing the relative activities of several metals.

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9b) Describe how the activity series is used to predict products of single replacement
reactions.


c) Write the products formed when the following substances are mixed,

IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH524.gif

10. What kind (or kinds) of elements are typically found in compounds containing
ions? What kind (or kinds) of elements are typically found in compounds
containing molecules?


11. Do metal oxides behave as acids, bases, or neutral compounds when added to
water? Do nonmetal oxides behave as acids, bases, or neutral compounds when
added to water?


12a. Explain why Group IA metals do not occur in nature as uncombined elements.


IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH525.gif


12b. Write the products formed when the following substances are mixed,

IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH526.gif

c) Describe the trend in melting point and density which occurs in the Group IA
elements.


13a. Describe the difference in reactivity of the Group IA and Group IIA elements with
water.


b) Write the products formed when the following substances are mixed,

IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH527.gif

c) Describe the trend in melting point and density which occurs in the Group IIA
elements.


14. Aluminum is widely used in construction, yet it is ranked as an active metal in the
activity series. Suggest an explanation for this anomaly.


IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH528.gif


15. Describe some of the physical and chemical properties of hydrogen.


16. Describe some of the physical and chemical properties of the chalcogens.


17. Describe some of the physical and chemical properties of the halogens.


18. Describe some of the physical and chemical properties of the noble gases.


IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH529.gif


19a. How would you distinguish between the elements, oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine,
nitrogen and iodine using any combination of physical or chemical properties?


b) How would you distinguish between the elements, sulfur, sodium, magnesium,
aluminum and bromine using any combination of physical or chemical properties?


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Problem Set #8
AP Chemistry by Satellite


ALL work must be shown in all problems for full credit.

PS8.1. Consult the periodic table and arrange the following pure solid elements in order
of increasing electrical conductivity at room temperature: Ca, Sn, S, and Si.
Explain the reason for the order you chose.


PS8.2. a) Arrange the following series of element in order of increasing metallic
character: Si, Sn, C, Ge, Pb.


b) Arrange the folllowing series in order of inreasing nonmetallic character:
As, P, Bi, Sb, N


PS8.3. Write the formula for the compound formed by the combination of each of the
following pairs of elements.

a) magnesium and iodine
b) gallium and oxygen
c) potassium and sulfur


PS8.4. Which of the following compounds are ionic and which are molecular:
N2O, Na2 O, CaO, CO, P2O5 , Cl2O7 , Fe2O3 ? Explain your reasoning.


IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH531.gif


PS8.5. Predict the products and write balanced chemical equations for each of the
following pairs of reactants.

a) Hydrochloric acid and nickel


b) sulfuric acid and iron


c) hydrobromic acid and zinc


d) acetic acid (HC2H3O2) and magnesium


PS8.6. Based on the acitivitiy series, predict the products of each proposed reaction.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each reaction that occurs.

IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH5B01.gif


PS8.7. a) Use the following reactions to prepare an acitvity series for the halogens:

IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH532.gif


IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH533.gif


PS8.7b. Relate the positions of the halogens in the eriodic table with their locations
in this activity series.


c) Predict whether the following reactions will occur.

IMAGE SCFIMG/SCH534.gif

PS8.8. Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions that occur when the
following substance are mixed.

a) sodium oxide and water


b) copper (I) oxide and nitric acid


c) sulfur trioxide and water


d) Selenium odioxide and sodium hydroxide


PS8.9. Write the symbol including the charge for each of the following ions:

a) selinide

b) astinide

c) phosphide

d) cesium ion


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PS8.10. From the following list of elements select the one that best fits each description:

oxygen
sulfur
lithium
silver
iodine
germanium
aluminum

a) An acive metal that forms a cation with a +1 charge.

b) A grayish-black solid that readily forms a purple vapor.

c) A metal that dissolves in NaOH solution.

d) A metalloid.

e) A yellow nonmetal.


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Microcomputer software


Introduction to General Chemistry by Stan Smith, Ruth Chabay and Elizabeth Kean
Drill-and-practice software
$500 (10-disk set)

Falcon Software
P.O Box 200
Wentworth, NH 03282
1-603-764-5788

Diskette #3 Chemical Formulas and Equations
Diskette #6 Chemaze

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Computer Aided Instruction for General Chemistry by William Butler & Raymond Hough
Drill-and-practice software
$40 (4-disk set)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
605 3rd Avenue
New York, NY 10158
(this software may not be available)

Diskette #1 Periodic Properties of the Elements
Diskette #2 Nomenclature and Oxidation Numbers


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