References
Module developed by Lee Summerlin, Patricia Owens, and Robert Davis, the Alabama team.
Alling, A., Nelson, M., Silverstone, S. (1993). Life under glass: The inside story of
Biosphere 2. Oracle, AZ: The Biosphere Press.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. (1980). Cycle. Boston, MA:
Houghton Mifflin.
Bolin, B., and Cook, R. B. (Eds.). (1983). Scope 21: The major biogeochemical cycles
and their interactions. New York, NY: Wiley.
A monograph; part of a detailed, technical series of articles edited and
published on behalf of the International Council of Scientific Unions. Chapter
1 on “Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles” is a valuable general source.
Borgford, C., and Summerlin, L. (1988). Chemical activities: A sourcebook for the
science teacher. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
Broad, W. J. (1993, 5 October). Too rich a soil: Scientists find the flaw that undid the
Biosphere. The New York Times, p. C1.
Calvin, M. (1969). Chemical evolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
A discussion of molecular evolution towards the origin of living systems on the
earth and elsewhere.
Cairo, R. (Ed.), and Dreyfus High School Chemistry Institute Team. (1988). Chemistry
of life. Princeton: Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation.
“The Biochemical Elements” is an excellent summary of many elements and
their natural cycles.
Chissus, D. R. (1989). Greenhouse warming. Presentation at the summer D.O.E.
Teacher Research Associates Program project at Argonne National Laboratory,
Argonne, IL.
Giddings, J. C. (1973). Chemistry, man, and environmental change; an integrated
approach. San Francisco, CA: Canfield.
Chapter 6, “Atmosphere, Oxygen, and Global Air Pollution” introduces the
concept of a carbon sink being responsible for the oxygen reservoir in today’s
atmosphere, as well as an excellent in-depth discussion of the greenhouse effect
and climate.
Gymer, R. G. (1973). Chemistry: An ecological approach. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
Earlier work, updated and expanded in Chemistry in the Natural World.
Gymer, R. G. (1977). Chemistry in the natural world. Lexington, MA: Heath.
A general text intended for those interested in biogeochemical processes and
the impact of various forms of pollution on them. See Chapter 6, “Biogeochemical
Cycles” for a brief overview of the major cycles with many useful, thorough
diagrams.
Likens, G. E. (Ed.). (1981). Scope 17: Some perspectives of the major biogeochemical
cycles. New York, NY: Wiley.
A monograph; part of the detailed and technical series of reports published by
the International Council of Scientific Unions.
Manahan, S. E. (1979). Environmental chemistry. Boston, MA: Willard Grant.
Very useful text written for undergraduates containing many simple and clear
diagrams of elemental cycles and pathways in the environment. Chapter 11 on
“Nature and Composition of the Atmosphere” is particularly well written.
Miller, G. T. (1988). Living in the environment. 5th Ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Moore, J. W., and Moore, E. A. (1976). Environmental chemistry. New York, NY:
Academic Press. Excellent discussion in Chapter 3 of the chemical evolution of the
earth’s modern atmosphere and the appearance of life.
“Ozone.” Topics in Chemistry, available from Institute for Chemical Education, U.
of Wisconsin/Madison, Madison, WI. A history of theories involving interactions of
ozone and CFC's in the atmosphere.
Rambler, M. B., Margulis, L., and Fester, R. (Eds.). (1989). Global ecology, towards
a science of the biosphere. Boston, MA: Academic Press.
Contains many simple diagrams, including one on the carbon cycle, and is one
of the best sources for more recent data on the greenhouse gases.
Sarmiento, J. L. (1993, May 31). Ocean carbon cycle. Chemical and Engineering
News, 71, 30-43. Comprehensive article documenting the fate of anthropogenic
carbon dioxide.
Schobert, H. H. (1989). The geochemistry of coal. I. The classification and origin of
coal. II. The components of coal. Journal of Chemical Education, 66, 242-244,
290-293. A two-part article on coal formation as a detour in the global carbon cycle.
Written as a Chem I supplement.
Spiro, T. S., and Stigliani, W. M. (1980). Environmental issues in chemical perspective.
Albany: State University of New York Press. One of the best sources
used; clear, descriptive presentation in Part 1 of chemical processes involved in coal
formation. Part 2 contains an excellent discussion, with clear diagrams, of therole of ozone
in ultraviolet shielding and as a greenhouse gas. Many chemical equations are presented to
illustrate the depletion of O 3 naturally and by various pollutants.
Summerlin, L., and Ealy, J. (1985). Chemical demonstrations: A sourcebook for the
teacher. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
Summerlin, L., and Borgford, C. (1987). Chemical demonstrations: A sourcebook for
the teacher (Vol. 2). Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
Towle, A. (1989). Modern biology. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
A general, introductory high school biology text.
Tzimopoulos, N. D., Metcalfe, H. C., William, J. E., and Castka, J. F. (1990). Modern
chemistry. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Probably the most widely used general high school chemistry text.