Neutralization reactions

A reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water. (Remember you will need to be able to write the ionic and net ionic equations.)

 

To begin with we need to be able to list some acids and bases that were are familiar with...here are a few I think everyone should know...

Important Acids

Name

Formula

Sulfuric acid

H2SO4

Sulfurous acid

H2SO3

Nitric acid

HNO3

Nitrous acid

HNO2

Phosphoric acid

H3PO4

Phosphorus acid

H3PO3

Carbonic acid

H2CO3

Perchloric acid

HClO4

Acetic acid

HC2H3O2

 

Formula

Name

HF(aq)

Hydrofluoric acid

HCl(aq)

Hydrochloric acid

HBr(aq)

Hydrobromic acid

HI(aq)

Hydroiodic acid

H2S(aq)

Hydrosulfuric acid

HCN(aq)

Hydrocyanic acid

 

Important Bases (All of the Group IA and IIA hydroxides)

Name of Base

Formula of Base

Sodium hydroxide

NaOH

Potassium hydroxide

KOH

Barium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2

Ammonia

NH3

Calcium hydroxide

Ca(OH)2

Aluminum hydroxide

Al(OH)3

 

Let's consider a few neutralization reactions and how we write the equations.

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) ---> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

2HNO3(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) ---> Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

HBr(aq) + NH3(aq) ---> NH4Br(aq)

HC2H3O2(aq) + NH3(aq) ---> NH4C2H3O2(aq)

CO2(g) + NaOH(aq) ---> NaHCO3(aq)

 

Here are those same reactions as they should be written by an AP student...(NOTE: phases are not required)

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ---> H2O(l)

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ---> H2O(l)

H+(aq) + NH3(aq) ---> NH4+(aq)

HC2H3O2(aq) + NH3(aq) ---> NH4C2H3O2(aq)

CO2(g) + OH-(aq) ---> HCO3-(aq)