Chemical Bonding: Intermolecular and Intramolecular

http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/AP/HoustonAPConf02.html

January 11 - 12, 2002

John I. Gelder

Recent AP Questions on Intermolecular and/or Intramolecular Attractive Forces

AP Questions

Questions covering intramolecular or intermolecular attractive forces have appeared on nearing every AP exam for the past 8 years. These are important concepts and judging from the average performance on Question 8 from the 2001 AP Exam our students are finding these concepts challenging.


Learning Objectives

Set #1

This is a set of learning objectives from an AP Chemistry course taught via satellite by me in the early 1990's.

Set #2

This is a set of learning objective from a college level course that would be equivalent to an AP Chemistry course.



Background Concepts

Essential Background Concepts

 

Electronegativity(lecture notes)

Lewis structures (lecture notes)

Ionic compounds (lecture notes)

lattice energy lecture notes

lattice energy dependence on size of the ion

lattice energy dependence on charge of the ion

Covalent compounds (lecture notes : bond energy table)

VSEPR (VSEPR Notes)

Bond polarity

Comments

These are some lecture notes and animations from a first semester college level course I teach at Oklahoma State.

The comments link has some general thoughts about intermolecular forces.



Useful Animations

Introduction to Intermolecular Attractive Forces

This is an animation (very simple) showing a gas being cooled. The phase of the sample changes from gas, to liquid, to solid. The sample can than be heated up again. Important to watch the behavior of the particles. I use this as an introduction to intermolecular attractive forces and I ask my students to watch the animation and then explain what they saw.

an inclass activity to draw Lewis structures and predict polarity

This is an 'interactive' activity I provided for my students. In this example I integrate some digital video with the html pages to get the student to draw the Lewis structure for a compound, predict its polarity, and then tell me the type of intermolecular attractive forces are occuring in the sample.

Intermolecular Attractive Forces

Dispersion forces

Polarizability table

lecture notes

Dipole-dipole forces

Hydrogen-bonding forces (boiling point plot)

lecture notes

pre-lecture exploration (expert response)

Here are a set of animations depicting at the molecular level (between particles) that I use to help my students visualize the three primary intermolecular attractive forces.

I've also included a table of polarizability values for a set of substances. Polarizability is an essential concept and must be discussed in an AP course.

I've also included an example of a Pre-Lecture Exploration. The PLEs are a technique I use in my classes to help provide me with information about what my students understand about a concept.

Intramolecular Attractive Forces

Extended covalent

diamond, graphite, quartz

Ion-dipole forces

anion-dipole force

cation-dipole force

The extended covalent links are to a web site that has Chime files showing structures of different substances. These files show models of unit cells that can be rotated in 3-dimensions.

Solid State Animations

Simple Cubic structure build and rotate

Dissolve the layer structure to show a simple cubic cell

Simple cubic cell

Build up the crystal from the unit cells

Show simple cubic cell from built crystal

Body-centered cubic structure build

Dissolve the layer structure to show a body-centered cubic cell

Body centered cube

Body centered cubic unit cell

Face-centered cubic structure build

Face-centered cube rotate

Dissolve the layer structure to show a face-centered cubic cell

Face-centered cubic cell

Face-centered cubic unit cell

 

These are just some animations that I created to help me teach cubic unit cells. They are here for your use if you cover this material.

Sample Assessment

Questions from Problem Set

PS (Answers)

Questons from Exams

 

These are some problems that I ask my students over intermolecular attractive forces. I also ask questions from past AP exams.

Cool files on my Web Site

Gas Law MoLE

Inquiry Activity

Activity of Metals

Inquiry Activity

These are two new computer based simulations along with their respective inquir activity that you are welcome to use in your classes.

The first is a MoLE (molecular level experiment) covering the Kinetic Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas developed by myself, Dr. Micheal Abraham (OU) and a student Kirk Haines (OSU). For more information on Mike and my project go to my Web Site. You should use IE to run the Gas Law MoLE

The Activity of Metals simulation is an activity developed by Han Chin and Dr. Tom Greenbowe at Iowa State University. The inquiry activity was written by Mike and myself. Dr. Greenbowe is working on a number of these kinds of laboratory activities.