Alcohol and Ether Functional Groups

What are the two most common elements in organic compounds? Answer

For organic chemists the idea of a functional group arose as a way to organize compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen. For example, when organic chemists synthesized compounds they are curious what elements are in the compounds they have made. So they would perform something called an elemental analysis to find what elements were in the compound.

Organic chemist found a series of compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. So the chemists were curious how did the oxygen bond with carbon and hydrogen in these compounds. So the chemist used tools to study these compounds and discovered certain patterns in the way oxygen interacted with carbon.

We have some knowledge about oxygen because we studied Lewis structure of covalent compounds. We know the most important compound...water, H₂O has two O-H bonds. Oxygen likes to form two bonds. It has six valence electrons and only needs two more electrons to have eight. To get two more electrons is generally forms two bonds.

Knowing that oxygen likes to form two bonds and that carbon likes to form four bonds and that hydrogen likes to form one bond, take a moment and draw two Lewis structures (isomers) given the formula C₂H₆O. Answer

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